Studi Ekologi Faktor Iklim dan Kepadatan Penduduk Terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Provinsi Riau: Ecological Study of Climatic Factors and Population Density with Malaria Incidence in Riau Province

M. Rif'at Ilhami; Masrizal Masrizal; Yessy Markolinda

doi:10.53579/jitkt.v6i1.323

Authors

M. Rif'at Ilhami Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas
Masrizal Masrizal
masrizal.dtmangguang@gmail.com
Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas
Yessy Markolinda Magister Epidemiologi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas

Keywords:

Ecology, Malaria, Climatic Factors, Population Density

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease that remains a public health problem in Riau Province. In the past four years, Riau Province has had one of the highest Annual Parasite Incidence (API) rates on the island of Sumatra. Diverse climate factors and population density in each district/city in Riau Province are thought to influence malaria transmission through environmental changes that support the development of Anopheles vectors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between climate factors (air temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and air pressure) and population density with malaria incidence in Riau Province in 2021–2024. This study used an ecological study design with 12 districts/cities as analysis units using secondary data. Secondary data on malaria incidence were obtained from the Riau Provincial Health Office, while climate data (temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, air pressure) and population density were obtained from the Riau Provincial Statistics Agency. The analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods using the Spearman correlation test. The results of the analysis showed that only population density had a significant relationship with malaria incidence (p=0.029), while other climate variables did not show a significant relationship. This indicates that areas with higher population densities tend to have higher malaria incidence. In conclusion, population density is significantly associated with malaria incidence in Riau Province, while climate factors have no significant effect.

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